KNOWLES / KNOLES / NOLES
Family  Association

HOME PAGE BACKGROUND MEMBERSHIP GENEALOGY GENETICS REUNIONS
OFFICERS BYLAWS LIBRARY PROGENITORS PHOTOGRAPHS AFFILIATES

 

GENEALOGY
Tips  &  Tricks

 

 

Latin  Terms  &  Phrases

 

Genealogists will often acquire and/or review Roman Catholic Church records while conducting their family history research.  Historically most of these Church records were written in Latin.  Therefore, a simple understanding of Latin words, terms and phrases is important for genealogists to get the most out of these old Church records.  Latin is a very logical language, and the ability to translate at least the key legal phrases and family relationships described in a document is not that difficult to acquire, even though your declensions might be shaky.  The following is a listing of some 300 words, terms and phrases most commonly encountered by the genealogist when using documents written in Latin:
 

Latin Term or Phrase   -   English Translation

bullet

abavia – second great-grandmother, female ascendant in the fourth degree

bullet

abavus – second great-grandfather, male ascendant in the fourth degree

bullet

abnepos – second great-grandson, male descendant in the fourth degree

bullet

abneptis – second great-granddaughter, female descendant in the fourth degree

bullet

affines – relatives by marriage; in-laws

bullet

affinitas – relationship by marriage

bullet

agnati – paternal relations

bullet

agnatus – related by blood on the male side

bullet

alimenta/o – provision made for younger sons or unmarried daughters

bullet

alius/a/ud – other

bullet

alter/era/erum – the other of two

bullet

ambo/ae/o – both

bullet

amita – father’s sister; aunt

bullet

amita magna – grandfather’s sister; grandaunt

bullet

amita uxoris – wife’s father’s sister

bullet

anima – soul, spirit

bullet

annus – year

bullet

anno – in the year

bullet

anno Domini – in the year of the Lord

bullet

arbor consanguinitatis – family tree

bullet

atavus – 3rd great grandfather, male ascendant in the fifth degree

bullet

avunculus – mother’s brother; uncle

bullet

avus – grandfather

bullet

avi (pl.) – grandparents

bullet

avi relicta – grandfather’s widow

bullet

banni – marriage banns 

bullet

baptisma – baptism

bullet

baptisavit – he baptized

bullet

baptisatus/a – baptized

bullet

baptisatus/a est – he (or she) was baptized

bullet

caelebs – single, unmarried (Man)

bullet

capellanus – chaplain

bullet

cognati– maternal relations

bullet

cognomen – surname

bullet

commater – godmother

bullet

comparere – to appear

bullet

comparuit pro me – he/she appeared before me

bullet

compater – godfather

bullet

conceptus/a/um – conceived

bullet

concepta est – she was pregnant

bullet

coniunx (coniux) – husband or wife

bullet

coniuges (pl.) – married couple

bullet

consanguinitas – blood relationship (if too close, an impediment to marriage)

bullet

consobrinus/a – cousin on the mother’s side

bullet

contrahere – to contract, to draw together

bullet

contraxerunt matrimonium – they contracted marriage

bullet

coparcener – co-heir

bullet

copulatio – marriage

bullet

copulatus/a – married man/woman

bullet

copulatus/a est – he/she was married

bullet

coram – in the presence of

bullet

corpus – body

bullet

cum – with

bullet

decessit – he/she died

bullet

decessit sine proie – died without issue; childless 

bullet

decessit vitae parte (d.v.p.) – died in father’s lifetime

bullet

decessus – death

bullet

defunctus/a/um – dead

bullet

dununciatio – publication of the marriage banns

bullet

desponsus/a – betrothed

bullet

Deus – God

bullet

didymus/a – twin male/female

bullet

dies – day

bullet

die – day (a form used after certain propositions)

bullet

discessit – he/she died

bullet

dominus – lord

bullet

doinus – home

bullet

dos – dowry

bullet

ecclesia – church

bullet

ego – I

bullet

eiusdem – the same

bullet

eodem die – on the same day

bullet

erat – he/she/it was

bullet

est – he/she/it is

bullet

et – and

bullet

etiam – also

bullet

e, ex – from

bullet

factis tribus denunciationibus – after three publications of the banns; three banns having been published

bullet

feme covert – married woman

bullet

feme sole – unmarried woman

bullet

femina – woman

bullet

filia – daughter

bullet

filia fratis/sororis – niece; daughter of brother/sister

bullet

filius – son

bullet

filius fratris/sororis – nephew; son of brother/sister

bullet

frater – brother

bullet

frater ex m terno latere – half-brother, common mother

bullet

frater expaterno latere – half-brother, common father

bullet

frater germanus – twin brother

bullet

frater naturalis – brother 

bullet

fuit – he/she/it was

bullet

fuerunt – they were

bullet

gemellus/a – twin

bullet

geminus/a – twin

bullet

gener – son-in-law; cousin

bullet

genitum – begotten, born

bullet

gens – male line, clan

bullet

genus – type, kind, birth, descent, sex, origin, class, race

bullet

generis – of the type, sex, etc.

bullet

germana – sister

bullet

germanus – brother

bullet

glos – husband’s sister

bullet

gloris – brother’s wife

bullet

gravida – pregnant

bullet

habere – to have, to hold

bullet

habitare – to reside

bullet

habitans – resident (ajd.)

bullet

habitantes – residents

bullet

hebdomada – a week

bullet

heri – yesterday

bullet

hic, haec, hoc – this

bullet

hoc die/mense/anno – on this day/month/year

bullet

huius – of this

bullet

humatio – burial

bullet

homo – man, human, being

bullet

humatus/a – he/she was buried

bullet

ibidem (ibid) – in the same place

bullet

idem, eadem, iden – the same

bullet

ignotus/a – unknown ille, illa

bullet

illegitimus – illegitimate

bullet

impedimentum – impediment or

bullet

illud – that

bullet

ilius – of that hindrance (as to a marriage)

bullet

impedimentum consanguinitas – impediment of too close a blood relationship (second cousin or closer)

bullet

imponere – to place upon, to impose

bullet

impositus/a/um – imposed, placed upon, given (cui iimpositum est nomen – to whom was given the name

bullet

infans – infant

bullet

instant, inst. – of the current month

bullet

inuptus/a – unmarried

bullet

infra – below; later

bullet

infrascriptus – written below

bullet

intra – within

bullet

ipse/a/um – himself/herself/itself

bullet

ita – thus, so

bullet

item – also, likewise

bullet

iunior/junior – younger

bullet

iure/jure – legally

bullet

iurare/jurare – to swear; take an oath

bullet

ius/jus, iures/jures – law, laws

bullet

iuvenis/juvenis – young person

bullet

lavare – to wash; to baptize

bullet

lautus/a est – he/she was baptized

bullet

levantes – godparents

bullet

levir – husband’s brother

bullet

liber, libri – book, books

bullet

liber baptizatorum – baptismal register

bullet

liber defunctorum – death register

bullet

liber matrimoniorum – marriage register

bullet

ligatus/a est – he/she was joined or married

bullet

locus – place

bullet

locus sigilli – where a person’s seal is placed (on a document)

bullet

majorennis – of legal age

bullet

majores – ancestors

bullet

mane – in the morning

bullet

manu propria – (signed) in one’s own hand

bullet

marita – wife

bullet

maritus – husband

bullet

mater – mother

bullet

mater meretrix – mother of illegitimate child

bullet

matertera – maternal aunt

bullet

matrimonium – marriage

bullet

mensis – month

bullet

mense – in the month (of)

bullet

meridies – noon

bullet

minimus/a natu – youngest

bullet

meus/a/um – my, mine

bullet

morbus – disease

bullet

morbum, post longum – after a long illness

bullet

mors – death

bullet

mortis – of death

bullet

mortuus/a/um – dead, deceased

bullet

mortuus/a est – he/she died

bullet

mulier – woman, wife

bullet

mutuo consensu – by mutual consent

bullet

nascit – he/she is born

bullet

natalis – natal

bullet

natus/a – born (adj.); son or daughter (noun)

bullet

natus/a est – he/she was born

bullet

nepos – grandson; nephew

bullet

nepos ex fil – grandson

bullet

nepos ex fratre – brother’s son

bullet

nepos ex sorore – sister’s son

bullet

neptis – granddaughter

bullet

nocte – at night

bullet

nomen – name

bullet

noverca – stepmother

bullet

nulloque detecto impedimento matrimonio – and no marital impediment having been uncovered

bullet

nullus/a/um – no, none

bullet

nuptus/a – married

bullet

nurus/a – son’s wife

bullet

obit – he/she died

bullet

obstetrix – midwife

bullet

omnis – all, every

bullet

orbus/a – orphan masc./fem

bullet

origo – birth

bullet

originis – of the birth

bullet

ortus – origin, birth

bullet

parentes – parents

bullet

parocia – parish

bullet

parochus – parish priest

bullet

partus – childbirth

bullet

pater – father

bullet

patres – forebears, ancestors

bullet

patrui relicta – paternal uncle’s widow

bullet

patrinus/a/i – godfather/godmother/ godparents

bullet

patruus – paternal uncle

bullet

patruerlis – paternal nephew

bullet

pie – piously 

bullet

post – after

bullet

postridie – on the day after

bullet

pridie – on the day before

bullet

priores – ancestors

bullet

privignus/a – stepson or stepdaughter of a father

bullet

pro – in behalf of, for

bullet

proavus/a – great grandfather or great grandmother

bullet

proclomatio – bann, decree

bullet

proles – issue, child

bullet

proles spuria – illegitimate child

bullet

proneptus – grand niece

bullet

propinqui – relations, relatives

bullet

prosocrus – wife’s grandmother

bullet

provincia – province

bullet

proximo, prox. – of the next month

bullet

proximus consanguineus – nearest relative

bullet

pudicus/a – chaste

bullet

puella – girl

bullet

puer – boy

bullet

puerperium – childbirth

bullet

purgatus/a – cleansed, baptized

bullet

quasi – almost, as if

bullet

qui, quae, quod – who, which, what

bullet

quidam, quaedam – a certain person (masc./fem.)

bullet

quoddam – a certain thing

bullet

quondam – formerly; sometime

bullet

relictus/a – widower, widow

bullet

renatus/a – reborn, baptized

bullet

requiescat in pace – may he/she rest in peace

bullet

rites – rite

bullet

de ritu sanctae matris ecclesiae – according to the rite of the holy mother church

bullet

sacerdos – priest

bullet

sacer, sacra, sacrum – sacred

bullet

sacramentis totiis munitiis – fortified by all the last rites

bullet

sanctus/a/um – holy, sacred

bullet

scorta – unmarried mother; whore

bullet

scriptus/a/um – written 

bullet

semper – always, forever

bullet

senior – older

bullet

sepelire – to bury

bullet

sepultus/a/um – buried

bullet

sequens – following

bullet

sic – thus, so

bullet

signum – mark

bullet

signum fecit – he/she made a mark, signed

bullet

sine – without

bullet

socer – father-in-law

bullet

socrus – mother-in-law

bullet

socrus magna – maternal grandmother

bullet

solemnicatio – marriage

bullet

solutus/a/um – unmarried (also free from debt)

bullet

soror – sister

bullet

sororius – brother-in-law (wife’s brother)

bullet

sponsalia – marriage banns

bullet

sponsalis – betrothed (adj.)

bullet

sponsus/a – groom/bride

bullet

spouse – betrothed

bullet

spurius/a – illegitimate

bullet

stemma (gentile) – pedigree

bullet

stuprata – pregnant out of wedlock

bullet

stuprator – father of illegitimate child

bullet

sub tutela – under guardianship

bullet

subscripsit – he/she signed

bullet

subsignavit – he/she signed with a mark

bullet

sum – I am

bullet

sunt – they were

bullet

supra – above (ut supra – as above)

bullet

susceptores – godparents

bullet

suus/a/um – his/her/its/ their own

bullet

tempus – time

bullet

testamentum – will, testament

bullet

testis – witness

bullet

triduum – a period of three days

bullet

trigemini – triplets

bullet

tutor – guardian

bullet

ubi – where

bullet

ultimo, ult. – of the preceding month

bullet

ultimus/a/um – last

bullet

unigena – only begotten daughter 

bullet

unigentius – only begotten son

bullet

urbs – city

bullet

ut n as – so that, in order that

bullet

ut infra – as below

bullet

ut supra – as above

bullet

uxor – wife

bullet

vel (vel/vel) – or (either/or)

bullet

vespere – in the evening

bullet

vetus, veteris – old

bullet

victricus – stepfather

bullet

viduus/vidua – widower/widow

bullet

videlicet (vis.) – namely

bullet

vir – man, male

bullet

virgo – virgin, female, girl

bullet

virtuosus/a/um – honorable

bullet

vita – life