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GENEALOGY
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COLONIAL  OCCUPATIONS

             

 

Many names for occupations used during the Colonial days in America have fallen out of use.  However, genealogists will find these old occupational names used in many 18th and 19th century documents.   So, here is a list of the names for these Colonial Occupations and the definition of those occupations used during the Colonial and early U.S. timeframe.   One wonders if the list of occupations for the 20th century developed by the 23rd century genealogists will include Smokey Bear for the state highway policeman.  

Accomptant  -  Accountant

Almonter  -  Giver of Charity to the needy

Amanuensis  -  Secretary or stenographer

Artificer  -  A soldier mechanic who does repairs;  maker or fixer of intricate objects

Bailie  -  Baliff

Baxter  -  Baker

Bluestocking  -  Female writer

Boniface  -  Keeper of the inn

Brazier  -  One who works with brass

Brewster  -  Beer manufacturer

Brightsmith  -  Metal worker

Burgonmaster  -  Mayor

Caulker  -  One who filled up cracks (in ships or windows to make them water tight).

Chaisemaker  -  Carriage maker

Chandler  -  Dealer or trader;  one who makes or sells candles;  retailer of groceries.

Chiffonnier  -  Wig maker

Clark  -  Clerk

Clerk  -  Clergyman, cleric

Clicker  -  The servant of a salesman who stood at the door to invite customers;  one who received the matter in the galley from the compositors and arranged it in due form ready for printing;  one who makes eyelet holes in boots using a machine which clicked.

Cohen  -  Priest

Collier  -  Coal miner

Colporteur  -  Peddler of books

Cooper  -  One who makes or repairs vessels made of staves & hoops, such as casks, barrels, tubs, etc.

Cordwainer  -  Shoemaker, originally any leather worker using leather from Cordova in Spain.

Costemonger  -  Peddler of fruits and vegetables

Councellor  -  Mayor of a small town or village

Crocker  -  Potter

Crowner  -  Coroner

Currier  -  One who dresses the coat of a horse with a currycomb;  one who tanned leather by incorporating oil or grease.

Docker  -  Stevedore, dock worker who loads and unloads cargo.

Dowser  -  One who finds water using a rod or witching stick.

Draper  -  A dealer in dry goods.

Drayman  -  One who drives a long strong cart without fixed sides for carrying heavy loads.

Dresser  -  A surgeon's assistant in a hospital.

Drover  -  One who drives cattle, sheep, etc. to market;  a dealer in cattle.

Drummer  -  Traveling salesman

Duffer  -  Peddler

Factor  -  Agent, commission merchant;  one who acts or transacts business for another;  Scottish steward or bailiff of an estate.

Farrier  -  A blacksmith, one who shoes horses

Faulkner  -  Falconer

Fell Monger  -  One who removes hair or wool from hides in preparation for leather making.

Fletcher  -  One who made bows and arrows.

Fuller  -  One who fulls clothes;  one who shrinks and thickens woolen cloth by moistening, heating, and pressing;  one who cleans and finishes cloth.

Gaoler  -  A keeper of the goal;  a jailer.

Glazier  -  Window glassman

Hacker  -  Maker of hoes

Hatcheler  -  One who combed out or carded flax.

Hawker  -  Peddler

Haymonger  -  Dealer of hay

Hayward  -  Keeper of fences

Higgler  -  Itinerant peddler

Hillier  -  Roof tiler

Hind  -  A farm laborer

Holster (Ostler)  -  A groom who took care of horses, often at an inn.

Hooker  -  Reaper

Hooper  -  One who made hoops for casks and barrels.

Huckster-  Seller of small articles

Husbandman  -  A farmer who cultivated his land.

Jagger  -  Fish peddler

Journeyman  -  One who had served his apprenticeship and mastered his craft, not bound to serve, but hired by the day.

Joyner (Joiner) -  A skilled carpenter

Keeler  -  Bargeman

Kempster  -  Wool comber

Lardner  -  Keeper of the cupboard

Lavender  -  Washer woman

Lederer  -  Leather maker

Leech  -  Physician

Limeburner  -  Maker of lime

Longshoreman  -  Stevedore

Lormer  -  Maker of horse gear

Malender  -  Farmer

Maltster  -  Brewer

Manciple  -  A steward

Mason  -  Bricklayer

Mintmaster  -  One who issued local currency

Monger  -  Seller of goods (ale, fish)

Muleskinner  -  Teamster

Neatherder  -  Herds cows

Ordinary Keeper - Innkeeper with fixed prices

Pattern Maker  -  A maker of a clog shod with an iron ring.  A clog was a wooden pole with a pattern cut into the end.

Peregrinator  -  Iterant wanderer

Peruker  -  A wig maker

Pettifogger  -  A shyster lawyer

Pigman  -  Crockery dealer

Plumber  -  One who applied sheet lead for roofing and set lead frames for plain or stained glass.

Pumbum Worker  -  Plumber

Porter  -  Door keeper

Puddler  -  Wrought iron worker

Quarrier  -  Quarry worker

Quarryman  -  Stonecutter

Rattlewatch  -  Town watchman

Rigger  -  Hoist tackle worker

Ripper  -  Seller of fish

Roper  -  Maker of rope nets

Saddler  -  One who makes, repairs or sells saddles or other furnishings for horses.

Sawbones  -  Physician

Sawyer  -  One who saws;  carpenter

Schumacker  -  Shoemaker

Scribber  -  A minor or worthless author

Scrivener  -  Professional or public copyist or writer; notary public.

Scrutiner  -  Election judge

Sewer  -  Tailor or shoemaker

Shrieve  -  Sheriff

Slater  -  Roofer

Slopseller  -  Seller of ready-made clothes in a slop shop.

Snobscat (Snob)  -  One who repaired shoes

Sorter  -  Tailor

Spinster  -  A woman who spins or an unmarried woman.

Spurrer  -  Maker of spurs

Squire  -  Country gentlemen;  farm owner;  justice of peace.

Stuff gown  -  Junior barrister

Stuff gownsman  -  Junior barrister

Supercargo  -  Officer on merchant ship who is in charge of cargo and the commercial concerns of the ship.

Sutler  -  One who supplies an army with provisions

Tanner  -  One who tans (cures) animal hides into leather.

Tapley  -  One who puts the tap in an ale cask.

Tasker  -  Reaper

Tawer  -  One who taws (makes hide into leather without the use of tannin).

Teamster  -  One who drives a team for hauling.

Thatcher  -  Roofer

Tide waiter  -  Customs inspector

Tinker  -  An iterant tin pot and pan seller and repairman.

Tipstaff  -  Policeman

Travers  -  Toll bridge collection

Tucker  -  Cleaner of cloth goods

Turner  -  A person who turns wood on a lathe into spindles

Victualer  -  A tavern keeper, or one who provides an army, navy or ship with food.

Vulcan  -  Blacksmith

Wagoner  -  Teamster not for hire

Wainwright  -  Wagon maker

Waiter  -  Customs officer or tide waiter;  one who waited on the tide to collect duty on goods brought in.

Waterman  -  Boatman who piles for hire

Webster  -  Operator of looms

Wharfinger  -  Owner of a wharf

Wheelwright  -  One who made or repaired wagon wheels, wheeled carriages.

Whitesmith  -  Tinsmith;  worker of iron who finishes of polishes the work.

Whitewing  -  Street sweeper

Whitster  -  Bleach of cloth

Wright  -  Workman, especially a construction worker.

Yeoman  -  Farmer who owns his own land

 

 


   


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