KNOWLES / KNOLES / NOLES
Family Association
Director:
Robert B. Noles
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KNOWLES / KNOLES / NOLES
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DNA - 101 KNOWLES SURNAME DNA PROJECT
12 - Marker
Matches This represents a perfect 12 for 12 match which
means you share a common male ancestor with a person who shares your
Surname (or variant). You share the same surname (or variant) with another
male and you mismatch by only one ‘point’ on only one marker (or two
tandem markers). You
share the same surname (or variant) but are off by 2 ‘points’ or two
locations out of twelve markers. It’s
possible that you are related when the 12-marker genetic distance
calculation is 2, however, a more definitive test of at least 25 markers
would be required Your
genetic distance is too far off to be considered related, although a
more definitive test is probably warranted to be sure. You
are not related and the odds greatly favor that you have not shared a
common male ancestor in more than 2,000 years. You
are not related and the odds greatly favor that you have not shared a
common male ancestor in more than 5,000 years. You
are totally unrelated.
25 -
Marker
Matches This represents a perfect 25 for 25 match which
means you share a common male ancestor with a person who shares your
Surname (or variant). You share the same surname (or variant) with
another male and you mismatch by only one ‘point’ on only one marker
(or two tandem markers). For
most closely related and same surnamed individuals, the mismatched
markers are usually either DYS 439 or DYS 385a or 385b from the first 12
markers, and DYS #s 458, 459a, 459b, 449, 464a-d in the markers from 13
to 25. These markers have
shown themselves to move most rapidly.
The probability of a close relationship is very high with a
genetic distance of one. You
share the same surname (or variant) but mismatch by 2 ‘points’ or
two locations out of 25 markers tested.
The probability of a close relationship is good, however, your
results show multiple mutations;
therefore, more time (generations) probably exists between you
and the other same surnamed person than if you were separated by a
genetic distance of one You share the same surname (or variant) but
mismatch by 3 ‘points’ or three locations out of 25 markers tested.
If enough time (generations) has passed it is possible that you
and the other distantly related family members’ line each have had a
mutation, or perhaps 2. The
only way to prove that is to test additional family lines and find when
the mutation(s) took place. In
this case, it would be advantageous for you and the other possible
distant cousin to be tested at the 37 marker level. Matching
only 21 out of 25 markers is too far off to be considered related.
Unlikely but vaguely possible that the rule for only possible
related applies.
It is important to determine what set of results most typifies
‘most’ members of the group you are ‘close’ to matching.
You could be 21/25 with an individual, but 23/25 with the center
(most common) of the group and your potential relatedness to him is
through the center of the group.
When
you match only 20 out of 25 markers, even if the other person shares the same
surname, you are not related and the odds greatly favor that you have not shared
a common male ancestor with this other person in excess of 2,000 years.
When
you match only 19 out of 25 markers, even if the other person shares the same
surname, you are not related and the odds greatly favor that you have not shared
a common male ancestor with this other person in excess of 5,000 years.
When
your genetic distance is more than 6, you are totally unrelated to this person.
37 - Marker
Matches
This represents a perfect 37
for 37 match. Your perfect match means you share a common male ancestor
with a person who shares your surname (or variant). Your relatedness is
extremely close with the common ancestor predicted, 50% of the time, in
5 generations or less and with a 90% probability within 16 generations. Very few people achieve this close level of a match. All confidence
levels are well within the time frame that surnames were adopted in
Western Europe.
This represents
a
36 out of 37 match. In this case, when you share the
same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by only
one 'point' at only one marker you are tightly related. It's
most likely that you matched 24/25 or 25/25 on a previous Y-DNA test and
your mismatch will be found within DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb. Very few
people achieve this close level of a match. Your mismatch is within the
range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.
In this case, if you share the same surname (or a
variant) with another male and you mismatch by only two 'points' for a
35 for 37 match you are related. It's most likely that you matched
24/25 or 25/25 on previous Y-DNA tests and your mismatch will be found
within DYS 439 or DYS 385A, 385B, 389-1 and 389-2, from the first panel
of 12 markers, or from within the second panel at DYS #'s 458, 459a,
459b, 449, or within 464a-d. If you matched exactly on previous tests
you probably have a mismatch at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in this
panel of markers. Your mismatch is likely within the range of most
well established surname lineages in Western Europe.
In this case, if you share the same surname (or a variant)
with another male and you mismatch by three 'points' --a 34 for 37 match
you are related. Because of the volatility within some of the markers this
result is slightly
tighter then being 11/12 or 23/25 and it's most likely that you matched
24/25 or 25/25 on previous Y-DNA tests. Your mismatch will most often be
found within DYS 439 or DYS 385A, 385B, 389-1 and 389-2 from the first
panel of 12 markers, or within the second panel: DYS #'s 458, 459a,
459b, 449, or within 464a-d. If you matched exactly on the previous tests
you probably have a mismatch at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in the newest
panel of markers. Your mismatch is likely within the range of most well
established surname lineages in Western Europe.
In this case, if you share the same surname (or a variant)
with another male and you mismatch by four 'points', a 33/37 match you
are probably related. Because of the volatility within some of the markers this is about the
same as being 11/12 and it's most likely that you matched 23/25 or 24/25
on previous Y-DNA tests. If you matched exactly on previous tests you
probably have a mis match at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in the newest
panel of markers. If several or many generations have passed it is
likely that these two lines are related through other family members. That would require that each line had passed a mutation and one person
would have experienced at least 2 mutations. The only way to confirm is
to test additional family lines and find where the mutations took place. Only by testing additional family members can you find the person in
between each of you...this 'in betweener' becomes essential for you to
find, and without him the possibility of a match exists, but further
evidence must be pursued. If you test additional individuals you will
most likely find that their DNA falls in-between the persons who are 4
apart demonstrating relatedness within this family cluster or Haplotype.
In this case, if you share the same surname (or a variant)
with another male and you mismatch by five 'points', a 32/37 match you
may be related. It
is most likely that you did not match 12/12 or 24/25 or 25/25 in previous
Y-DNA tests. If several or many generations have passed it is
possible that these two men are related through other family members.
That would require that each line had experienced separate mutations and
one person would have experienced at least 2 mutations. The only way to
confirm or deny is to test additional family lines and find where the
mutation took place. Only by testing additional family members can you
find the person in between each of you...this 'in betweener' becomes
essential for you to find, and without him only the possibility of a
match exists, further evidence should be pursued. If you test additional
individuals you must find the person whose DNA results falls in-between
the persons that are 5 apart demonstrating relatedness within this
family cluster or Haplotype.
The 31 out of 37 match is too far off to be considered related,
unless you can find an “in-betweener’ as for determining ‘Only Possibly
Related,’ above. It is important to determine what set of results most
typifies the largest number members of the group you are 'close' to
matching. You may be 31/37 with an individual, but 34/37 with the center
of the group, and your potential relatedness to him is through the
center of the group.
In this case, for 30 out of
37 are worse, you are not related and the odds greatly
favor that you have not shared a common male ancestor with this person
within thousands of years. You are probably even in different Haplogroups on the Phylogenetic tree of Homo Sapiens.
67 - Marker
Matches
This represents a perfect 67
for 67 match. Your perfect match means you share a common male ancestor
with a person who shares your surname (or variant). Your relatedness is
extremely close with the common ancestor predicted, 50% of the time, in
3 generations or less and with a 90% probability within 5 generations. Very few people achieve this close level of a match. All confidence
levels are well within the time frame that surnames were adopted in
Western Europe.
This represents a 65 or 66 out of 67 match. In this case, when you share the
same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by only
one or two 'points' at only one marker you are tightly related. Very few
people achieve this close level of a match. Your mismatch is within the
range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.
In this case, if you share the same surname (or a
variant) with another male and you mismatch by only three or four
'points' for a 63 or 64 out of for 67 match
you are related. It's most likely that you matched 24/25, 36/37 or
37/37 on previous Y-DNA tests
and that your mismatch will be found within the second panel at DYS 458,
459a, 459b or within 464a-d, or at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in the
third panel of markers. Your mismatch is
likely within the range of most well established surname lineages in
Western Europe.
In this case, if you share the same surname (or a
variant) with another male and you mismatch by five or six 'points' a
61-62 for 67 match
you are related. Because of the volatility within some of the markers this
result is slightly
tighter then being 11/12, 23/25 or 33/37, and it's most likely that you matched
24/25, 36/37 or 37/37 on previous Y-DNA tests. Your mismatch will most often be
found within the second panel at DYS 458, 459a, 459b or within 464a-d,
or at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in the third panel of markers.
Your common ancestor is not very recent, but your mismatch is likely within the range of most well
established surname lineages in Western Europe.
In this case, if you share the same surname (or a variant)
with another male and you mismatch by four 'points', a 33/37 match you
are probably related. Because of the volatility within some of the markers this is about the
same as being 11/12 and it's most likely that you matched 23/25 or 24/25
on previous Y-DNA tests. If you matched exactly on previous tests you
probably have a mis match at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in the newest
panel of markers. If several or many generations have passed it is
likely that these two lines are related through other family members. That would require that each line had passed a mutation and one person
would have experienced at least 2 mutations. The only way to confirm is
to test additional family lines and find where the mutations took place. Only by testing additional family members can you find the person in
between each of you...this 'in betweener' becomes essential for you to
find, and without him the possibility of a match exists, but further
evidence must be pursued. If you test additional individuals you will
most likely find that their DNA falls in-between the persons who are 4
apart demonstrating relatedness within this family cluster or Haplotype.
In this case, if you share the same surname (or a
variant) with another male and you mismatch by eight or nine 'points', a 32/37 match you
may be related. It
is most likely that you did not match 24/25, 25/25 or 35-37/37 in previous
Y-DNA tests. If several or many generations have passed it is
possible that these two men are related through other family members.
That would require that each line had experienced separate mutations and
one person would have experienced at least three mutations. The only way to
confirm or deny is to test additional family lines and find where the
mutation took place. Only by testing additional family members can you
find the person in between each of you...this 'in betweener' becomes
essential for you to find, and without him only the possibility of a
match exists, further evidence should be pursued. If you test additional
individuals you must find the person whose DNA results falls in-between
the persons that are 8 or 9 apart demonstrating relatedness within this
family cluster or Haplotype.
The 56-57 out of 67 match is too far off to be considered related,
unless you can find an “in-betweener’ as for determining ‘Only Possibly
Related,’ above. It is important to determine what set of results most
typifies the largest number members of the group you are 'close' to
matching. You may be 57 out of 67/ with an individual, but 61/67 with the center
of the group, and your potential relatedness to him is through the
center of the group.
In this case, for 55 out of
67 are worse, you are not related and the odds greatly
favor that you have not shared a common male ancestor with this person
within thousands of years. You are probably even in different Haplogroups on the Phylogenetic tree of Homo Sapiens.
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Date of last edit:
Wednesday, July 23, 2008
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